Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-019-00151-5 New Record of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger, 1884) (Perciformes: Ariommatidae) from Indian Waters Subal Kumar Roul 1 & Rajan Kumar 1 & Shikha Rahangdale 1 & Suraj Kumar Pradhan 2 & Sandhya Sukumaran 1 & Prathibha Rohit 1 Received: 3 February 2019 / Revised: 21 May 2019 / # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Abstract Nine specimens (584–670 mm standard length) of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) were collected from the Cochin Fishing Harbour (south-eastern Arabian Sea) in 2016. Morphometric and meristic parameters, along with the DNA barcoding confirmed the identity of the specimens. The majority of the proportional morphometric measurement and meristic counts were concurrent with the previous description of A. brevimanus: body elongated (depth at first dorsal and second dorsal fin origin was about 22.8–25.2% and 22.0–22.7% of the standard length respectively); first dorsal fin with XI spine and second dorsal fin with I spine and 15 rays; anal fin with II spine and 15 rays; pectoral fin with 22–24 rays; scales large, cycloid, thin and deciduous; lateral line with 52–55 pored scales; pre-dorsal scale patch extending to about the hind margin of the eye; pre-opercular margin angular; horizontal eye diameter 18–22% of head length; gill rakers, 30–32 on first gill arch. In the present study, the partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene of A. brevimanum were generated. The analysis using the sequences of the COI gene produced a phylogenetic tree considering the maximum likelihood tree showed distinct clustering among species of Ariomma and revealed an identical phylogenetic relationship. The present study represents the first record for Indian waters, as well as the south-eastern Arabian Sea record of this species. Keywords Ariomma brevimanum . Ariommatidae . Indian waters . DNA barcoding Introduction The family Ariommatidae has only one genus Ariomma Jordan & Snyder, 1904 and 7 valid species (Froese and Pauly 2018) which is grouped into two types based on the body shape such as deep and elongated species (Ajiad and Mahasneh 1986). Ariommatids are characterized by the presence of 2 low lateral keels on each side near caudal-fin base; large eyes and located centrally; small and terminal mouth, not protractile, maxilla barely reaching border of eye; teeth absent from palatines and vomer; two distinct dorsal fins, almost connected; lateral line on upper half of body, often indistinct, following dorsal profile but not extending onto caudal peduncle; large, cycloid, thin, very deciduous scales; and six * Subal Kumar Roul subalroul@gmail.com 1 ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, P. B. No. 1603, Ernakulam North P. O., Cochin, Kerala 682 018, India 2 ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 061, India branchiostegal rays (Last 2001). Most of the species in this group having the elongated type of body are found in large schools on the continental shelf and continental slope with a depth range of 750 m in tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They usually feed on small pelagics and are considered as one of the important food fishes which are mostly captured by trawls (Last 2001). Ariommas are benthopelagic and oceanodromous in nature and moves in a large shoal. Some species form minor to moderate fisheries along different parts of the world. The species have good flesh and go for fresh consumption. The information regarding the ecological role of the group is least known and a dedicated study is required in this domain. Out of seven species of Ariomma so far described, only one species, the Indian driftfish Ariomma indicum (Day, 1871) was reported from Indian waters (Kapoor et al. 2002; Froese and Pauly 352,018). During the routine fishery survey (thrice in a week) at Cochin Fisheries Harbour, Kerala, a second species of Ariomma was recorded from Indian waters. The fishes were identified as Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) which was earlier reported from the Red Sea, Indonesia to Japan and Hawaii (Froese and Pauly 2018). In spite of its distribution in Thalassas the Indo-Pacific region, their occurrence in Indian waters was not reported as yet. The present study confirms their occurrence from Indian waters based on morphological and molecular analyses. Materials and Methods Sampling In the present study, a total of nine specimens of Ariomma brevimanum (Fig. 1a) were observed at Cochin Fisheries Harbour (09°56′327″N, 76°15′764″E) on 30 September 2016 (Fig. 2). These fishes were caught off Cochin (near to Lakshadweep Islands) as bycatch in multiday hook and line fishery. The specimens were brought to the laboratory of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin in iced condition for detailed taxonomic investigation. The Fig. 1 Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) (605.0 mm SL, fresh, Cochin Fisheries Harbour, Kerala, India): (a) the whole specimen; (b) pre-dorsal scale patch extending forward to hind margin of eye; (c) angular pre-opercular margin; (d) Ariomma indicum (Day, 1870) (90.0 mm SL, fresh, Versova Fish Landing Centre, Maharashtra, India) specimens were identified based on the key given by Last (2001). The morphometric and meristic characters were recorded following a standard method (Hubbs and Lagler 2004) and compared with the information available about the species in reports published from other parts of the world (Klunzinger 1884; Ajiad and Mahasneh 1986; Ho et al. 2013; Bos and Gumanao 2013). The morphometric characters were measured for each specimen with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm, and total body weight (TW) was recorded to the nearest 0.1 g using an electronic weighing balance. Freshly collected specimens were used to record the natural color patterns and tones which are fully or partially lost in preservative. One specimen was fixed in 10% formalin and deposited in the Marine Biodiversity Referral Museum of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Cochin, Kerala, India under the Accession Number GB 31.10.2.2 for future reference. Thalassas Fig. 2 Distribution of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) in the World Ocean. The blue circle indicates present record and orange circles indicate previous records DNA Barcoding Genomic DNA was extracted from the muscle tissue samples preserved in 95% ethanol following a standard phenol/ chloroform extraction protocol (Sambrook and Russell 2001). A partial region of the Cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified using the universal primer (LCO1490:5’-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG3’HC02198:5’-TAAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA3′) (Folmer et al. 1994; Samonte et al. 2000), sequenced using ABI 3730 automated sequencer at Agrigenome Labs Pvt. Ltd. and the sequence deposited in NCBI, GenBank under the Accession Number KY398838. Sequence generated in the present study was searched for similarity using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul et al. 1990) through web searches of National Center for Biotechnology Information (USA) website (http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/ BLAST/). The sequence of A. brevimanum generated in the present study was aligned with sequences of other species of Ariomma; A. indicum from Indian (KP244488-KP244491; EU148514-EU148518) and Japanese waters (AB205433), A. bondi from USA (KT883659), A. luridum from Japanese waters (AB205431) and South China Sea (KP266811) and Ariomma sp. from South China Sea (JQ681386, JQ681426) using ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1997) in MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013) and a maximum likelihood tree was constructed using Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) model (Kimura 1980) in MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013). The tree was rooted using the sequence of Trachinotus blochii (KX018988). Materials Examined Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884): GB 31.10.2.2 (9 ex: 5 male and 4 female, 584–670 mm SL, 3.1–4.6 kg TW), collected from Cochin Fisheries Harbour, captured off Cochin, southwest coast, Kerala, India, 200–300 m depth, collector S. K. Roul, 30 September, 2016. Ariomma indicum (Day, 1870): 14 ex., 101.0–117.0 mm SL, Versova Fish Landing Centre (19080′N, 72050′E), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, collector Suraj Kumar Pradhan, 9 July 2017; 5 ex., 122–142 mm SL, Cochin Fisheries Harbour (09°56′327″N, 76°15′764″E), Cochin, Kerala, India, collector Subal Kumar Roul, 15 September 2017. Results Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884). Smalleye ariomma. Morphological Features Morphometric Characteristics Medium sized fish (584.0–670.0 mm SL) with rounded and elongated type body (Fig. 1a); depth at first dorsal and second dorsal fin origin was about 22.8–25.2% and 22.0–22.7% of the SL respectively; two distinctly separated dorsal fin with interdorsal space 4.7–6.3% of SL; first dorsal fin originated behind the origin of pectoral fin with XI slender and brittle spine, folding into a deep groove whereas second dorsal fin with I spine and 15 soft rays; anal fin with II spine and 15 soft rays; second dorsal and anal fin rays widely spaced posteriorly and finlet like appearance; pectoral fin short with 22–24 soft rays and ventral fin with I long spine and 5 soft rays, folded into the groove which runs up to the anus; caudal fin deeply forked; caudal peduncle short and cylindrical with pair of fleshy keels on both sides near caudal fin base; lateral line well above and towards the dorsal profile of body originating from the operculum and ending at the beginning of the caudal peduncle with 52–55 pored scales; scales large, cycloid, thin and deciduous; predorsal scale patch extending to about the hind margin of the eye (Fig. 1b, 4a); opercule and pre-opercule thin Thalassas Table 1 Morphometric and meristic data for Ariomma brevimanum and A. indicum. Standard length is represented in millimeter Ariomma brevimanum Ariomma indicum Characters Present study (n = 9) Ajiad and Mahasneh (1986) (n = 2) Bos and Gumanao (2013) (n = 37) Present study (n = 19) Standard Length (SL mm) 584.0–670.0 375.0–680.0 115.0–475.0 101.0–142.0 In % of SL – Head Length 26.1–28.0 25.6–25.7 – 33.4–36.9 Pre-first dorsal length Pre-second dorsal length Pre-pectoral length 31.7–32.9 59.1–61.2 27.4–29.1 32.0–32.4 – – – – – 30.7–39.1 54.1–59.9 33.5–36.5 Pre-pelvic length Pre-anal length 29.8–32.4 61.6–65.7 – 62.7–64.0 – – 32.7–40.0 57.2–63.7 Interdorsal space Pectoral length 4.7–6.3 14.8–15.6 Pelvic length First dorsal height Second dorsal height Anal height Caudal fin length 8.4–9.5 9.1–12.4 6.5–7.5 6.5–6.8 22.0–25.3 6.7–6.8 11.7–12.7 7.6–8.8 – – 31.4–36.7 13.7–16.2 – – – – – – – – 16.1–23.3 9.4–39.2 10.7–14.5 31.5–37.5 Caudal peduncle length 7.9–8.6 – – 5.6–7.9 Caudal peduncle depth Inter-dorsal space Depth at first dorsal fin origin 5.4–5.8 4.7–6.3 22.8–25.2 – 6.7–6.8 24.9–25.7 – – – 6.1–7.6 – 40.8–45.9 Depth at second dorsal fin origin Head Length (HL mm) In % of HL Head depth Snout length Pre-orbital length Post-orbital Eye diameter (horizontal) Inter-orbital width Upper jaw length Meristic counts Dorsal fin Anal fin Pectoral fin Pelvic fin Gill rakers Lateral line scale Branchiostegals 22–22.7 152–187 – 96–175 – – 40.2–46.0 36–50 79.7–88.9 39.5–40.6 30.8–31.8 47–50.1 18.1–22.5 36.0–38.8 21.9–24.2 – 34.3–34.4 – 44.8–46.9 18.9–20.8 – – 111.5–126.6 35.5–41.9 23.6–48.6 26.5–52.3 25.5–33.2 26.8–34.4 23.7–28.2 XI + I, 15 II + 15 22–24 I+5 (12–13) + (18–19) 52–55 6 X + I, 13 II + 15 24 I+5 10 + 1 + 19 45 6 – – – – – – – – XI-XII, 15 II + 14–15 23 I+5 – 52–53 – covered with scales, and pre-opercular margin angular (Fig. 1c, 4a); eyes located centrally with well-developed adipose tissue; mouth small, terminal and not protractile; snout obtuse, maxilla not reaching to under the eye; teeth on jaws minute, uniserial and pointed whereas absent on palate and vomer; gill rakers slender and numerous about 30–32 on first gill arch (Table 1). X-XI + I, 15–16 III + 15 23–24 I+5 (6–8) + (14–16) – 6 Coloration Freshly collected specimens were dark brown dorsally, and a silvery appearance on the ventral surface and sides of the body. Anterior first dorsal fin spines, membrane and second dorsal fin margin were black in color. The caudal fin was generally grey with a black margin and Thalassas Fig. 3 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Ariomma spp. based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene (AB205433, A. brevimanum for the present study) the tips of both the lobes were black. The anal fin was white with a black margin. Pectoral fins were black in color while white towards their ventral sites. Pelvic fin was black, and white at the base and anterior margin. The caudal and dorsal fins had a light yellow shine in almost all the specimens. Most of the specimens had a dark edge at the dorsal posterior end of the operculum. Black marking was at the posterior dorsal edge of the eye, while the mouth and gill cavity were dark. values (Fig. 3). Ariomma indicum, A. luridum and A. bondi clustered separately from A. brevimanum indicating that they are diverged significantly. Two sequences of Ariomma sp. collected from South China Sea (JQ681386 and JQ681426) also clustered together with A. luridum indicating that they belong to the species A. luridum. DNA Barcoding Results The literature on Indian Ariommatids is restricted to Ariomma indicum (Day, 1871). This species has been recorded almost all along the Indian coast (Barman et al. 2000; Barman et al. 2004; Barman et al. 2007; Barman et al. 2011; Barman et al. 2012; Rajan et al. 2013; Barman et al. 2013; Bijukumar and Raghavan 2015; Yennawar et al. 2017). The present study reported the first record of the species small eye ariomma, Ariomma brevimanum, from Indian waters. Distribution of this species is restricted to the Indo-Pacific region where it has been reported from the Red Sea, Mayotte, Indonesia, The partial sequence of the mitochondrial Cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene resulted in a mean value of 636 nucleotide base pairs. NCBI, Blast analysis revealed that the sequence generated in the present study is 99.65% identical with A. brevimanum from Japanese waters (AB205433.1) with E value being 0. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using Kimura 2 parameter (K2P) distance values showed distinct clustering among Ariomma species with significant bootstrap Fig. 4 Pre-dorsal scale patch, preopercular margin shape and eye size of two species of Ariomma. (a) A. brevimanum; (b) A. luridum. (Source: Last 2001) Discussion Thalassas Philippines, Guam, Japan, Fiji, Hawaii, Tuvalu and Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan (Ajiad and Mahasneh 1986; Ho et al. 2013; Bos and Gumanao 2013; Froese and Pauly 2018) and India (present study). The fish was first described as Cubiceps brevimanus by Klunzinger (1884) from the Red Sea based on a single specimen of 800.0 mm long, having XI dorsal spine and 15 soft rays, II anal spine and 15 soft rays, and 24 pectoral soft rays. Subsequently, it was re-described by Ajiad and Mahasneh (1986) from the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) and after that several new records from various parts in the IndoPacific region (Ho et al. 2013; Bos and Gumanao 2013; Froese and Pauly 2018) were documented. Most of the proportional morphometric measurement and meristic counts of A. brevimanum based on the present specimens are concurrent with the ranges given by the earlier authors (Table 1). Among the two species of Ariommatids available along the Indian coast, A. indicum can be easily identified based on the smaller size and deeper body (body depth 40.0 to 46.0% of SL) whereas A. brevimanum grows to a bigger size and have an elongated body (body depth less than 26.0% of SL). A similar range with some variations was provided by Last (2001) in the Western Central Pacific: body depth 42.0 to 50.0% of SL in A. indicum and body depth less than 32.0% of SL in A. brevimanum which may be attributed to the different geographical area. Ariomma brevimanum morphologically resembles with its congener, A. luridum, but both the species can be distinguished based on pre-dorsal scale patch (extending forward to about hind margin of eye in A. brevimanum versus extending forward to front margin of eye in A. luridum) (Fig. 1b, 4); pre-opercular margin shape (angular in A. brevimanum versus rounded in A. luridum) (Fig. 1c, 4); and eye size (small, less than 26.0% of HL in A. brevimanum versus larger, more than 26.0% of HL in A. luridum) (Last 2001). In the present study, a similar predorsal scale patch and pre-opercular margin shape were observed with minor variation in eye size (18.0–23.0% of HL) (Fig. 1b, c). The analyses of mitochondrial gene COI sequences confirmed the identity of the specimen as A. brevimanum. The smalleye ariomma Ariomma brevimanum is listed as Not Evaluated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 2018). The species is generally considered as a rare one, and has occasionally been caught in large quantities in Japan (Last 2001) and frequently available in the markets in Philippines (Bos and Gumanao 2013). In the Indian Ocean, A. brevimanum was previously reported only from the Red Sea (Baranes and Golani 1993; Khalaf 2004), Mayotte Island (south-western Indian Ocean) (Wickel et al. 2014) and western Indonesia (Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola 1984). The present study presented the first record of this deep-sea fish species from Indian waters (south-eastern Arabian Sea) which provide the insight into their specific distributions and possible range extension in the Indian Ocean. This information is highly essential from a biodiversity point of view which adds another species to the ichthyofaunal diversity to Indian waters. The marine biodiversity of Indian waters is increasing day by day with several newly described fish species and records. The species was caught in hook and line off Cochin, near Lakshadweep waters at a depth of 200-300 m from the water surface. A detailed study can further explore the stock status, abundance, and biological information of the species. The maximum length (Lmax) known for this species was 800.0 mm TL (Masuda et al. 1984) whereas, in the present study, Lmax was observed as 888.0 mm TL. Based on the present investigations, a field identification key for the two species of Ariommatids available along India waters is provided to aid in the correct identification of the species. Key to the three species of Ariommatidae, adapted from Last (2001). 1a. Body depth 40.0 to 46.0% of standard length (Fig. 1d)….…………………….….Ariomma indicum 1 b . B o d y d ep t h o f le s s th an 32 . 0% of s t an d ar d length……………………………….…….……………..….2 2a. Pre-dorsal scale patch extending forward to about hind margin of the eye (Fig. 1b, 4a); pre-opercular margin somewhat angular (Fig. 1c, 4a); eye small, 18.0–23.0% of head length (Fig. 1a, 4a)…………………..Ariomma brevimanum 2b. Pre-dorsal scale patch extending forward to front margin of eye; pre-opercular margin rounded; eye large, more than 26.0% of head length (Fig. 4b)…………. Ariomma luridum Acknowledgments The authors are highly grateful to Dr. A Gopalakrishnan, Director, ICAR-CMFRI, Cochin for providing all necessary facilities and constant support during the entire study period. Compliance with Ethical Standards Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. 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