Gap Analysis of Threatened, Rare, and Under-Represented Species in Bhutan

Abstract

While Bhutan’s iconic species such as tiger, snow leopard, elephants, Himalayan black bear, etc. have been known as some of the charismatic and keystone species of Bhutan that also serve as umbrella species in certain atrophic levels and food web of the overall ecosystem, assessment of species that are threatened and under-represented is critically important at this point of time when species are reportedly disappearing faster than ever before. Species that are critically endangered and endangered in conservation status and the species that are lesser known species or under-represented need to be assessed and identified for conservation because of their tremendous ecological significances and other benefits before they disappear from the face of earth. In this regard, this chapter provides a detailed gap analysis of threatened, endemic, rare, and under-represented species of Bhutan of all the Seven Kingdoms of Life-forms.

Annexures

Annexure 5.1: List of Threatened Species of Plants (IUCN Status-2019)

SN	Species	Status
1.	Eulophia stenopetala	Extinct
2.	Brugmansia suaveolens	Extinct in the wild
3.	Aquilaria malaccensis	Critically endangered
4.	Astragalus paroensis	Critically endangered
5.	Bulbophyllum leopardinum var. tuberculatum	Critically endangered
6.	Ceropegia dorjei	Critically endangered
7.	Cheirostylis sherriffii	Critically endangered
8.	Meconopsis bhutanica	Critically endangered
9.	Nardostachys jatamansi	Critically endangered
10.	Onosma griersonii	Critically endangered
11.	Ophiorrhiza longii	Critically endangered
12.	Oreorchis sanguinea	Critically endangered
13.	Paphiopedilum fairrieanum	Critically endangered
14.	Saurauia punduana	Critically endangered
15.	Sorbus lingshiensis	Critically endangered
16.	Androsace hemisphaerica	Endangered
17.	Bistorta griersonii	Endangered
18.	Bulleyia yunnanensis	Endangered
19.	Carex nigra subsp. drukyulensis	Endangered
20.	Ceropegia bhutanica	Endangered
21.	Cypripedium elegans	Endangered
22.	Cypripedium himalaicum	Endangered
23.	Hoya bhutanica	Endangered
24.	Hypericum sherriffii	Endangered
25.	Ilex venulosa	Endangered
26.	Illicium griffithii	Endangered
27.	Isodon atroruber	Endangered
28.	Meconopsis superba	Endangered
29.	Neopicrorhiza minima	Endangered
30.	Paphiopedilum spicerianum	Endangered
31.	Paphiopedilum venustum	Endangered
32.	Pedicularis sanguilimbata	Endangered
33.	Strobilanthes accrescens subsp. accrescens	Endangered
34.	Taxus wallichiana	Endangered
35.	Sorbus rinzenii	Endangered
36.	Aglaia perviridis	Vulnerable
37.	Bambusa clavata	Vulnerable
38.	Buddleja bhutanica	Vulnerable
39.	Corallodiscus cooperi	Vulnerable
40.	Cupressus macrocarpa	Vulnerable
41.	Cycas pectinate	Vulnerable
42.	Cymbopogon bhutanicus	Vulnerable
43.	Cypripedium cordigerum	Vulnerable
44.	Drepanostachyum annulatum	Vulnerable
45.	Jacaranda mimosifolia	Vulnerable
46.	Malaxis muscifera	Vulnerable
47.	Pedicularis griniformis	Vulnerable
48.	Picea brachytyla	Vulnerable
49.	Rhododendron dalhousiae var. rhabdotum	Vulnerable
50.	Saxifraga vacillans	Vulnerable

Annexure 5.2: List of Threatened Species of Mammals in Bhutan (IUCN Status-2019)

S.N	Species	Common name	IUCN status	CITES Appendix
1.	Manis pentadactyla	Chinese pangolin	Critically endangered	I
2.	Sus salvanius	Pygmy hog	Critically endangered	I
3.	Ailurus fulgens	Red panda	Endangered	I
4.	Cuon alpinus	Dhole	Endangered	II
5.	Panthera tigris tigris	Tiger	Endangered	I
6.	Bubalus arnee	Wild water buffalo	Endangered
7.	Axis porcinus	Hog deer	Endangered
8.	Moschus chrysogaster	Alpine musk deer	Endangered	I
9.	Moschus leucogaster	Himalayan musk deer	Endangered	I
10.	Caprolagus hispidus	Hispid hare	Endangered	I
11.	Macaca munzala	Arunachal macaque	Endangered	II
12.	Trachypithecus geei	Golden langur	Endangered	I
13.	Elephas maximus	Asian elephant	Endangered	I
14.	Neofelis nebulosa	Clouded leopard	Vulnerable	I
15.	Panthera pardus	Common leopard	Vulnerable	I
16.	Panthera uncia	Snow leopard	Vulnerable	I
17.	Aonyx cinereus	Asian small-clawed otter	Vulnerable	II
18.	Lutrogale perspicillata	Smooth-coated otter	Vulnerable	II
19.	Arctictis binturong	Binturong or bearcat	Vulnerable
20.	Bos gaurus	Gaur	Vulnerable	I
21.	Budorcas whitei	Takin	Vulnerable	II
22.	Rusa unicolor	Sambar	Vulnerable
23.	Rhinoceros unicornis	Indian rhinoceros	Vulnerable	I
24.	Trachypithecus pileatus	Capped langur	Vulnerable	I
25.	Nycticebus bengalensis	Bengal slow loris	Vulnerable	I
26.	Ursus thibetanus	Asiatic black bear	Vulnerable

Annexure 5.3: List of Threatened Species of Birds in Bhutan (IUCN) – 2019 NBC

SN	Species	Common name	IUCN status	CITES Appendix
1.	Arborophila mandellii	Chestnut-breasted partridge	Vulnerable
2.	Tragopan blythii	Blyth’s tragopan	Vulnerable	I
3.	Aythya farina	Common pochard	Vulnerable
4.	Clangula hyemalis	Long-tailed duck	Vulnerable
5.	Ciconia episcopus	Woolly-necked stork	Vulnerable
6.	Leptoptilos javanicus	Lesser adjutant	Vulnerable
7.	Aquila hastate	Indian spotted eagle	Vulnerable	II
8.	Aquila clanga	Greater spotted eagle	Vulnerable	II
9.	Aquila heliaca	Eastern imperial eagle	Vulnerable	I
10.	Grus nigricollis	Black-necked crane	Vulnerable	I
11.	Gallinago nemoricola	Wood snipe	Vulnerable
12.	Apus acuticauda	Dark-rumped swift	Vulnerable
13.	Buceros bicornis	Great hornbill	Vulnerable	I
14.	Aceros nipalensis	Rufous-necked hornbill	Vulnerable	I
15.	Aceros undulates	Wreathed hornbill	Vulnerable	II
16.	Mulleripicus pulverulentus	Great slaty woodpecker	Vulnerable
17.	Prinia cinereocapilla	Grey-crowned prinia	Vulnerable
18.	Sitta formosa	Beautiful nuthatch	Vulnerable
19.	Turdus feae	Grey-sided thrush	Vulnerable
20.	Saxicola insignis	Hodgson’s bushchat	Vulnerable
21.	Ficedula subrubra	Kashmir flycatcher	Vulnerable
22.	Emberiza rustica	Rustic bunting	Vulnerable
23.	Asarcornis scutulata	White-winged duck	Endangered	I
24.	Haliaeetus leucoryphus	Pallas’s fish eagle	Endangered	II
25.	Neophron percnopterus	Egyptian vulture	Endangered	II
26.	Aquila nipalensis	Steppe eagle	Endangered	II
27.	Aythya baeri	Baer’s pochard	Critically endangered
28.	Ardea insignis	White-bellied heron	Critically endangered
29.	Gyps bengalensis	White-rumped vulture	Critically endangered	II
30.	Sarcogyps calvus	Red-headed vulture	Critically endangered	II

Annexure 5.4: List of Threatened Fish Species

SN	Species	Status
1.	Aborichthys garoensis	Vulnerable
2.	Cirrhinus cirrhosis	Vulnerable
3.	Cyprinion semiplotum	Vulnerable
4.	Cyprinus carpio	Vulnerable
5.	Devario assamensis	Vulnerable
6.	Pseudecheneis sirenica	Vulnerable
7.	Schistura inglisi	Vulnerable
8.	Schizothorax richardsonii	Vulnerable
9.	Tor putitora	Endangered
10.	Pterocryptis barakensis	Endangered
11.	Clarias magur	Endangered

Annexure 5.5: List of Threatened Amphibian and Reptile Species

S.N.	Species	Status
1.	Kachuga kachuga	Critically endangered
2.	Gavialis gangeticus	Critically endangered
3.	Indotestudo elongata	Endangered
4.	Cuora mouhotii	Endangered
5.	Kachuga dhongoka	Endangered
6.	Pangshura sylhetensis	Endangered
7.	Chitra indica	Endangered
8.	Xenophrys cf. nankiangensis	Vulnerable
9.	Python molurus	Vulnerable
10.	Oligodon juglandifer	Vulnerable
11.	Ophiophagus hannah	Vulnerable
12.	Melanochelys tricarinata	Vulnerable
13.	Morenia petersi	Vulnerable
14.	Python bivittatus	Vulnerable
15.	Geoclemys hamiltonii	Vulnerable
16.	Cuora amboinensis	Vulnerable
17.	Hardella thurjii	Vulnerable
18.	Nilssonia hurum	Vulnerable
	Butterfly
1.	Bhutanitis ludlowi	Vulnerable

Annexure 5.6: Monotypic Species of Seed Plants Under Each Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species

	Class	Order	Family	Genera/species	Habit	Altitude	Vol; part
1.	Cycadopsida (1)	Cycadales	Cycadaceae	Cycas pectinata (vulnerable)	Conifer tree	925–1050	V1P1

	Order	Family	Scientific name	Habit	Altitude	Vol; part
1.	Acorales	Acoraceae	Acorus calamus	Herb	610–2800	V3P1
2.	Crossosomatales	Stachyuraceae	Stachyurus himalaicus	Shrub	1550–2745	V2P1
3.	Cycadales	Cycadaceae	Cycas pectinata	Conifer tree	925–1050	V1P1
4.	Ephedrales	Ephedraceae	Ephedra gerardiana	Shrub	2700–4500	V1P1
5.	Gnetales	Gnetaceae	Gnetum montanum	Climber	270–800	V1P1

	Family	Genera/species	Habit	Altitude	Vol; part
1.	Acoraceae	Acorus calamus	Herb	610–2800	V3P1
2.	Pittosporaceae	Aruncus dioicus	Shrub/tree	1370–2100	V1P3
3.	Basellaceae	Basella alba	Herb	300–400	V1P2
4.	Bixaceae	Bixa orellana	Shrub/tree	Unknown	V2P1
5.	Rhizophoraceae	Carallia brachiata	Tree	150–760	V2P1
6.	Lecythidaceae	Careya arborea	Tree	200–500	V2P1
7.	Caricaceae	Carica papaya	Tree	Cultivated	V2P1
8.	Chloranthaceae	Chloranthus elatior	Subshrub	270–1600	V1P2
9.	Circaeasteraceae	Circaeaster agrestis	Herb	3950–4250	V1P2
10.	Clethraceae	Clethra delavayi	Shrub/tree	2750–2900	V2P1
11.	Taxodiaceae	Cryptomeria japonica	Conifer tree		V1P1
12.	Cycadaceae	Cycas pectinata	Conifer tree	925–1050	V1P1
13.	Phormiaceae	Dianella ensifolia	Herb	500–1800	V3P1
14.	Ephedraceae	Ephedra gerardiana	Shrub	2700–4500	V1P1
15.	Strychnaceae	Gardneria angustifolia	Climber	1830–3100	V2P2
16.	Gnetaceae	Gnetum montanum	Climber	270–800	V1P1
17.	Hemerocallidaceae	Hemerocallis fulva	Herb	1520–3660	V3P1
18.	Asphodelaceae	Kniphofia	Herb		V3P1
19.	Loganiaceae	Mitreola pedicellata	Herb	1220
20.	Nelumbonaceae	Nelumbo nucifera	Aquatic herb	1400	V1P2
21.	Nyssaceae	Nyssa javanica	Tree	1070–1980	V2P1
22.	Cardiopteridaceae	Peripterygium quinquelobum	Shrub	270	V2P1
23.	Phrymaceae	Phryma leptostachya	Perennial herb	1400–2550	V2P3
24.	Phytolaccaceae	Phytolacca acinosa	Herb	900–2500	V1P2
25.	Sarcospermataceae	Sarcosperma arboreum	Tree	915–1325	V2P2
26.	Taccaceae	Tacca integrifolia	Herb	300–500	V3P1
27.	Trochodendraceae	Tetracentron sinense	Tree	2200–2900	V1P2
28.	Datiscaceae	Tetrameles nudiflora	Tree	300–900	V2P1
29.	Tropaeolaceae	Tropaeolum majus	Climbing herb	1980	V1P3

1. Source Flora of Bhutan, Volume 1, 2, and 3