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Torpor and Tinbergen: Integrating Physiological and Behavioral Traits with Ontogeny, Phylogenetic History, Survival and Fitness to Understand Heterothermy in Bats

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50 Years of Bat Research

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

Abstract

The importance of connecting physiological, behavioral, and life-history traits with evolutionary outcomes has long been recognized by biologists and was perhaps most elegantly formalized in Tinbergen’s (Z Tierpsychol 20:410–433, 1963) four-question framework. What are the mechanisms associated with a trait? How does the trait develop over an individual’s lifetime? What is the phylogenetic context of the trait? And finally, often the most difficult to answer, what are the fitness implications of the trait? This framework was developed to understand behavior and rarely has been applied in other fields, despite its potential to inform our understanding of many biological phenomena. Niko Tinbergen and colleagues were awarded a Nobel Prize in 1973 just after the first North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR), and since then, Tinbergen’s framework has become second nature to researchers studying bat behavior. However, it is under-used for studying other aspects of bat biology. Thus, in honor of 50 years of NASBR, we use studies on heterothermy and hibernation in bats to highlight the value of Tinbergen’s four questions for research in physiology. We conclude by addressing the implications of an integrative Tinbergen-like approach for addressing conservation threats to bats, with emphasis on research concerning white-nose syndrome, much of which was first presented at NASBR meetings.

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Author notes

  1. Authors Yvonne A. Dzal and Allyson K. Menzies contributed equally for this chapter.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Yvonne A. Dzal & Craig K. R. Willis

  2. Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

    Allyson K. Menzies

  3. Cognitive and Behavioral Ecology Interdisciplinary Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

    Quinn M. R. Webber

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  1. Yvonne A. Dzal
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  2. Allyson K. Menzies
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  3. Quinn M. R. Webber
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  4. Craig K. R. Willis
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Correspondence to Yvonne A. Dzal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Burton K. Lim

  2. Department of Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada

    M. Brock Fenton

  3. Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada

    R. Mark Brigham

  4. Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, CA, USA

    Shahroukh Mistry

  5. Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA

    Allen Kurta

  6. Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA

    Erin H. Gillam

  7. Department of Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA

    Amy Russell

  8. Departamento de Zoología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico

    Jorge Ortega

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Dzal, Y.A., Menzies, A.K., Webber, Q.M.R., Willis, C.K.R. (2021). Torpor and Tinbergen: Integrating Physiological and Behavioral Traits with Ontogeny, Phylogenetic History, Survival and Fitness to Understand Heterothermy in Bats. In: Lim, B.K., et al. 50 Years of Bat Research. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_14

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