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Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton

Accepted
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymAganosma affinis (Roem. & Schult.) G.Don
synonymApocynum crassifolium Salisb.
synonymApocynum frutescens L.
synonymBeluttakaka malabarica (Lam.) Kuntze
synonymCarruthersia daronensis Elmer
synonymChonemorpha bantamensis G. Don
synonymChonemorpha malabarica (Lam.) G.Don
synonymEchites affinis Roem. & Schult.
synonymEchites bantamensis Bl.
synonymEchites caryophyllatus Roth
synonymEchites caudatus Blanco
synonymEchites ferrugineus Thunb.
synonymEchites frutescens (L.) Roxb.
synonymEchites malabaricus Lam.
synonymEchites trichonema Zipp. ex Span.
synonymGardenia sinensis Lour. ex B.A.Gomes
synonymGardenia volubilis Lour.
synonymIchnocarpus affinis (Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum.
synonymIchnocarpus bantamensis (Bl.) Miq.
synonymIchnocarpus dasycalyx Miq.
synonymIchnocarpus frutescens var. leptodictyus (F.Muell.) Domin
synonymIchnocarpus frutescens var. ovatifolius (A.DC.) Deb
synonymIchnocarpus frutescens var. parvifolia Hook.f.
synonymIchnocarpus frutescens var. pubescens Kurz
synonymIchnocarpus leptodictyus F.Muell.
synonymIchnocarpus microcalyx Pitard
synonymIchnocarpus moluccanus Miq.
synonymIchnocarpus navesii Rolfe
synonymIchnocarpus ovatifolius A. DC.
synonymIchnocarpus oxypetalus Pitard
synonymIchnocarpus sogerensis Wernham ex S. Moore
synonymIchnocarpus volubilis (Lour.) Merr.
synonymMicrechites sinensis Markgr.
synonymQuirivelia bantamensis (Bl.) F.N.Williams
synonymQuirivelia frutescens (L.) M.R. Almeida & S.M. Almeida
synonymQuirivelia zeylanica Poir.
synonymSpringia indica Heurck & Müll. Arg.
synonymTabernaemontana parviflora Poir.
synonymThyrsanthus parviflorus (Poir.) Miers
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Black creeper
Irula
  • Kadambai kodi
Malayalam
  • Palvalli
  • Parvalli
Other
  • Black Creeper
  • Palvalli
  • Paravalli
  • Parvalli
  • Udarkodi
Tamil
  • Manipilaan kodi
  • Udarkodi
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Climber
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Habit: A much branched, extensive climber, to 20m.
    Keystone Foundation
    Attributions Keystone Foundation
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Habit: Climber
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Climbers, branchlets brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 x 3 cm, ovate, apex obtusely acute, base rounded, nerves 5 pairs, brown-pubescent below; petiole to 5 mm long. Flowers 3.5 mm long, in terminal or axillary panicled cymes; pedicels 3 mm long; calyx 1 mm long, lobes ovate, acute, pubescent; corolla white, salver shaped, contracted at mouth, tube 2 mm long, hairy inside, throat densely white-villous, lobes twisted, oblong, acuminate; stamens included, anthers deeply sagitate at base, apiculate at apex; carpels free, stigma columnar. Mericarps follicular, to 15 cm long, slender, rusty puberulus; seeds many, compressed, crowned with long silky coma.
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: August-March
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology

            Growth Form

            Climber
            Climber
            Flower

            In axillary or terminal paniculate cymes; cream. Flowering from November-February and August-October.

            Fruit

            A paired, cylindric follicular mericarp; seeds many, basally furrowed, apex covered by silky coma. Fruiting throughout the year.

            Field tips

            Tender parts rusty pubescent. Latex milky.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Opposite

            Leaf Type

            Simple

            Leaf Shape

            Oblong or elliptic-ovate

            Leaf Apex

            Obtuse-apiculate

            Leaf Base

            Acute-attenuate

            Leaf Margin

            Entire

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Dry Evergreen to Dry Deciduous Forests
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                No Data
                📚 Habitat and Distribution
                General Habitat
                Under shrub and trees
                Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Moist and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Description
                    Maharashtra: Ratnagiri Karnataka: Belgaum, Chikmagalur, Coorg, Dharwar, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: All districts
                    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Common in the deciduous slopes, scrub jungles from plains to 750m. India, Sri Lanka through S.E.Asia to Australia.
                      Keystone Foundation
                      Attributions Keystone Foundation
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Global Distribution

                        India: Assam, Kerala, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh

                        Local Distribution

                        Barak Valley, Goalpara, Kamrup, Nagaon, Sivasagar

                        Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                        Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          Global Distribution

                          Indo-Malesia and Australia

                          Indian distribution

                          State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Occurrence
                            No Data
                            📚 Uses and Management
                            Uses
                            The roots are used for their medicinal properties.
                            Keystone Foundation
                            Attributions Keystone Foundation
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              Medicinal
                              Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                              Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                No Data
                                📚 Information Listing
                                References
                                1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                1. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br. in Ait.f., Hort. Kew. (ed. 2) 2: 69. 1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 669. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 820(577). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 162. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 254. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 228. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 278. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 241. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 417. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 281. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 292. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 215. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 9. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 280. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 203. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 414. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 243. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 189. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 439. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 311. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 424. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 521. 2009.
                                2. Apocynum frutescens L., Sp. Pl. 213. 1753.
                                Information Listing > References
                                1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                2. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R. Br. in Ait.f., Hort. Kew. (ed. 2) 2: 69. 1811; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 669. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 820(577). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 162. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 254. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 228. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 278. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 241. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 417. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 281. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 292. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 215. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 9. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 280. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 203. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 414. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 243. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 189. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 439. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 311. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 424. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 521. 2009.
                                3. Apocynum frutescens L., Sp. Pl. 213. 1753.

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                                No Data
                                📚 Meta data
                                No Data
                                🐾 Taxonomy
                                RootRoot
                                KingdomPlantae
                                PhylumTracheophyta
                                ClassMagnoliopsida
                                OrderGentianales
                                FamilyApocynaceae
                                GenusIchnocarpus
                                SpeciesIchnocarpus frutescens (L.) W. T. Aiton
                                📊 Temporal Distribution
                                📷 Related Observations
                                👥 Groups
                                India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
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